The Goal of the Lenten Season

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At the conclusion of the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts that is celebrated on Wednesday and Friday nights during Great Lent, we hear this phrase, “to obtain the goal of this Lenten Season.”  What is this goal?

In a grand sense the goal is spiritual change or perhaps a spiritual awakening through abstinence, fasting, prayer, vigils, confession and other spiritual exercises.  But is there something more?

We turn to the First Prayer of the Faithful again from the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts where we read,

O great Lord and God! You have led us from corruption to imperishable life through the life-giving death of your Christ. So, now, deliver our senses from the mortal tyranny of our passion and place them under the safe and able guidance of our inner reason. Let not our eyes wander in search of evil sights, not our ears indulge in listening to idle talk. Cleanse our tongues from unbefitting speech, O Lord, and purify our lips that they may praise you. Keep our hands from evil deeds and make them ever ready to do only the things that please you. Do this, Lord, by strengthening our understanding, and, indeed, our entire being by your grace.

This prayer is the entire goal of not just the Lenten season but of every season of our lives.  Keeping our passions under the rational control is what the spiritual life is all about and we do this by practicing our faith.

As we continue our Lenten journey let’s make this prayer a daily exercise and strive to live up to what is asks of God.

The Preble Massacre

MassacreThere is no doubt that life on the frontier was difficult.  The ability to survive the harsh conditions meant the difference between life and death, and this was not the Western American Frontier but the frontier of Maine in the 1700’s.  Ebenezer Preble, his wife Mary Harnden and their six children were living in Kennebec Valley not from the town of Woolwich when on June 9, 1758 they were attacked by a band of four Indians from Canada.  Ebenezer Preble is my seventh Great Grandfather.

Ebenezer was a man of thirty-four and was happy living on his farm with his wife and children.  He had a humble dwelling and some acreage of land cultivated with corn and other crops when shots rang out and he fell mortally wounded in the fields near his home.  Upon hearing the shots his wife Mary, daughter of Captain Samuel Harnden, bolted the door and was placing the mattress of her bed against the door when a musket ball came through a crevice in the door and killed her instantly within the view of her screaming children.

The Indians entered the house and took what they could including all six of the children; Rebecca, Samuel, Mehetable, Ebenezer Jr., Mary, and William an infant of three months. A house maid Sarah Fling was also taken captive by this band of Indians.  As they moved away from the home, and with no way to feed and nourish the infant to stop it from crying, the infant was viciously brained against the nearest tree and left for dead, according to family tradition.

Writing of these events for the Maine Historical Society in 1904 the Rev. Henry O Thayer wrote;

“On the way the captors hailed another party and held aloft on a pole the bunch or scalps, exulting in the trophies of a successful raid: the bereaved girls held long in memory the excruciating view of the long, black hair of their mother, waving as a token of orphanage cruelly thrust upon them in a moment and their wretched and then hopeless fate as they were driven into the land of the enemy and the stranger.”

The bodies of Ebenezer and Mary were removed from the property and taken up river to the home of Captain Harnden where they were buried.  They would be the last victims of the last raid on the Kennebec Valley.  Captain Harnden would blame himself for not being able to help his daughter and her family and would petition the Great and General Court of Massachusetts for permission to enter Canada in an attempt to retrieve his grandchildren.  On June 20, 1761 a sum of money and permission was granted and Captain Harnden traveled north towards Montreal.

Of the five remaining children four were recovered and returned to their home.  Samuel would inherit the farm and lived there until his death in 1806.  His brother Ebenezer Jr. would live not far from his brother and died in 1790.  Rebecca would marry Thomas Motherwell and died in 1829.  Living with her was her sister Mary until she moved in with the family of Captain Lincoln Webb in West Woolwich.  Mehetable had gone to France with a family and when she was found she did not wish to return as she had become attached to the family.  Sarah Fling was located but the weather was too difficult for Captain Harnden to attempt a rescue so she was left behind.

In 1905 the descendants of Ebenezer and Mary Preble erected a monument at the location of the burial of Ebenezer and Mary, the stone also lists the names of all of those involved.  Also buried at the site is Captain Samuel Harnden.

Sunday Links Round Up

Here are a few interesting stories from the past week

Inside Higher ~ Ed A Broader History Ph.D.

OCP ~ Funeral Arrangements for Metropolitan Philip

Journal of the American Revolution ~ The Worth of a Continental

First Things ~ The New Monasticism Gets Older

Eastern Christian Books ~ LOGOS Spring 2014 Issue (includes a book review written by yours truly)

Yahoo News ~ Vatican library will digitize its archives and put them online

The Way of Improvement Leads Home ~ Why Blog?

Byzantine Texas ~ The Russian Synod on Ukraine

Religion in American History ~ The Urban Pulpit: New York City and the Fate of Liberal Evangelicalism (Review)

Good Guys Wear Black ~ You Don’t Have to Like Your Priest

Emerging Civil War ~ The Aftermath of Battle

The Beehive ~ “He cannot degrade her”: Louisa Catherine Adams on Women’s Natural Equality

Vita Brevis ~ The earliest mass migration of the Irish to America

Red River Orthodox ~ When Orthodox Were Told to Become Episcopalians

Memory Eternal Metropolitan Philip

Metr PhilipLast night I was scanning through some posts on Facebook when the falling asleep of Metropolitan Philip was announced.  As with all things social media related, one has learned to wait for confirmation from official sources.  As more and more people began to post about it became clear that he has in fact fallen sleep.  I knew that he has been struggling with health issues after a recent heart attack but one was not ready for this news.

His Eminence was larger than life and when one thinks of the Antiochian Archdiocese one thinks of Metropolitan Philip.  My prayers are with his family and with the Archdiocese as they mourn the loss of their beloved leader.

In a tangential way Metropolitan Philip was a player in my decision to become Orthodox even though I cannot recall actually meeting him.  You see when my journey began I read two books, Becoming Orthodox by Fr. Peter E. Gillquist and Facing East by Frederica Matthews Green.  Both of these books were influential in my decision to become Orthodox and both of these authors are Orthodox because of Metropolitan Philip.

The period of Great Lent has become a little sadder with this news but as a Christian I also rejoice and I know that he will continue to watch over his beloved Archdiocese from a different position now.

Syedna Philip if it were not for you and your vision of an Orthodox America I might not be Orthodox today.  Thank you for your many years of service to God and His Church here on earth and I ask for your prayers now and in the future.

Vesnica Pomenire!  Memory Eternal!

A New Look At Suffering

I do not have a very high threshold for pain; in fact I am a wimp when it comes to pain and sickness.  I don’t know, maybe it is this low threshold or that I am a guy and as a common rule guys do not do sick well at all.  Last week it was my turn to be sick and I did not like it.

Friday night I had my first experience with a kidney stone.  I am not sure how many of you reading this have suffered through this extremely painful event, but I hope I never go through it again.  Not that having a kidney stone was on my bucket list but I added it and then crossed it right off, thanks be to God!

I am always looking for the moral of every story so as I was laying there in the hospital, writhing in pain, the moral of the story became all too clear.  I was looking for something to watch on the television in the emergency room when I happened upon the History Channels presentation of the Bible.  I joined in at the time of the arrest of Jesus by the guards from the Temple and His subsequent trail.  As I was laying there, feeling very sorry for myself, Jesus received the sentence of the forty lashes with the whip.  I was in pain, but my pain paled in comparison to what Jesus was going through.

As the program continued on, Jesus was forced to carry his cross and as my pain started to subside, the drugs were now taking affect; Jesus was nailed to the Cross without any pain medication at all.  As he cried out in agony as those nails pierced his flesh I felt pretty stupid for feeling the way that I was feeling.  But, was I being fair to myself?  In essence I was not.

Suffering and pain are all part of our life and come as a result of the fallen world that we live in.  There are three sources of suffering in this world: suffering from the persecution of others in body and soul, suffering from sickness and disease, and suffering in spirit because of the sins of this fallen world we live in.  When faced with suffering we have to choices on how to deal with it  – we can accept it and transforms our suffering into the way of salvation for ourselves and others or we can give in to our suffering and allow it to defeat us.

I believe one of the greatest examples of transforming suffering into salvation was Pope John Paul II.  His suffering was very public as the world watched him go from a very vibrant man full of life and energy to a man confined to a wheelchair and not able to speak yet he did not give up.  He could have resigned his office and gone off to a monastery somewhere and ended his life sheltered from the watchful eyes of the world, but he chose to teach the world about suffering and not giving up.  He truly transformed his suffering into salvation not only for himself but for the world.

We will never truly know the suffering of another person.  Some are able to hide it better than others but I would hazard to guess that most people are dealing with some sort of suffering each and every day.  Perhaps it is the suffering from sickness, perhaps it is suffering with grief, or perhaps it is the suffering of persecution and bullying that is all too prevalent in our society today.  Whatever that suffering is we have to choose to embrace it and transform it or to let it defeat us.

Jesus chose to take on our flesh and to suffer as we suffer to show us the way of salvation.  Sure, He could have chosen a different way but He chose to be born in the flesh and to die in the flesh, and our suffering became His suffering and because of that He will give us the strength we need to deal with our suffering when it comes.  The pain and suffering I felt in my brief stay in hospital this past week is nothing in comparison to what some of you are going through and I use it merely as an example, but each time we suffer, each time we are in spiritual, mental, or physical pain it brings us closer to those in the world who suffer and our spirits are joined together.

I would be remiss if I did not take the opportunity to thank the great folks at Harrington Hospital in Southbridge for their excellent care.  From the person who checked me in to George my nurse, the lady who performed the CAT scan, and Dr. Stevens who expertly and compassionately diagnosed my illness, thank you from the bottom of my heart and God bless you.

This essay originally appeared in the Quaboag Current, and the Tantasqua Town Common.

Jesus and the Saint Patrick’s Day Parade

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If you live in Boston then you know what a big deal Saint Patrick’s Day is.  As the old saying goes, “everyone is Irish on Saint Patrick’s Day.”  If you have been following the news these last few weeks you know that there has been an on again off again relationship between the parade organizers and a group homosexuals who wish to march in the parade.  I am not sure why everything has to be about sex but I will leave that for another essay.  As much as I disagree with the homosexual lifestyle I am having a difficult time with this because I believe that discrimination, for any purpose is a sin.

The entirety of the Gospel of Jesus Christ is all about loving God and loving your neighbor and I find it difficult to reconcile this Gospel mandate with discrimination.  How can you love your neighbor if you discriminate against them?  Jesus surrounded himself with the, shall we say, less desirable in the community.  He accepted them as humans, created in the image and likeness of God, but he did not accept nor did He condone their activities or their lifestyle.  He showed them that God loves them and He also showed them they path to righteousness, but He did not discriminate against them.  The question is often asked “what would Jesus do?” and I think that is the wrong question to ask because well, we are not Jesus.  The question is, “what would Jesus want us to do?”

A survey released last week by the Public Religion Research Institute titled, A Shifting Landscape: A Decade of Change in American Attitudes about Same-Sex Marriage and LGBT Issues, stated that one-third of millennials (adults between the ages of 18 and 33) left the church because of their perceived idea of how homosexuals are treated by the church.  (I also think they were going leave anyway and this is just an excuse.)  I say perceived as I would be interested to know if these same people actually know what the teachings of their church, or perhaps the teachings of Christ, has to say on the issue.  However, perception is a large part of the game.  Again I am not suggesting the Church change their teaching on Homosexuality anymore than I am suggesting the Church change her teaching on sex outside of marriage, which is called fornication by the way and a sin.  But maybe we could show a little bit more love and understanding.

As I suggested earlier in this essay, I believe homosexuality to be a sin, the action that is not the inclination.  But I do not believe that the homosexual person is “objectively disordered” any more than any other person who sins.  As a result of the fall of humanity humans have a propensity toward sin, we have to make a choice between doing what God wants us to do and what the enemy of God wants us to do.  So in essence homosexuality is a choice, the same choice we all have to make between sin and not sinning.  The Church does not need to change her teaching but maybe she needs to change the way she deals with people.

A year ago Pope Francis was elected as the Bishop of Rome and the head of the world wide Roman Catholic Church.  Almost immediately he brought a breath of fresh air into the Church.  I will draw attention to the fact that he has not changed one dot or tittle of the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church but he is speaking in a language that is filled with love and understanding and I find that very refreshing.  I am not saying that rules are not important, because they are, but love is more important that the rules as love is the number rule of the Gospel.

But back to the parade.  As an American I am a supporter of free speech, in fact I served and continue to serve, in the armed forces of the United States to secure that right.  Although I have never been in combat, I have served almost half of my adult life and believe I have taken part in securing the freedoms we cherish for the next generation.  But we stand at a cross roads between free speech and morality.  I believe that people have the freedom to pretty much do what they want as long as it falls within the confines of the law, the law of the state that is.  I believe that the group of homosexuals has a right to march in the parade and I also believe that the organizers of the parade have the right to not allow them to march.  The reason given was they did not want the parade to turn into a political statement, I can agree with that.  This is the difficulty of living in a free society as much as I disagree with the lifestyle they have chosen I have to support their right to live that lifestyle.  Just because I disagree with something does not mean I do not support their right to believe it.

A few years ago I attended a rally of the Tea Party folks in Worcester.  This is a group of people who have a vision of America that they believe is right, I do not agree 100% with them but who agrees 100% with anyone about anything?  What discouraged me, and I know this is a small minority of people so relax, but there were some folks holding signs displaying an image of the President of the United States as Hitler.  I find this disturbing on many levels but I also understand that protest is what made the United States, well the United States!  You see freedom of speech has to extend past what we agree with or it is not freedom at all.  As much as I disagree with the Obama as Hitler posters I have to support their right to carry them.

To my belief, and you are free to disagree with me of course, but what we as Church need to do is to love people.  If we demonstrate the love of Christ to those around us we will be a force to be reckoned with rather than a Church that is becoming insignificant in the world.  Sure the world hates us, but we combat that hate with love.

Blessed are Those Who Mourn

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As a priest I come into contact with people who are mourning as part of the job if you will.  Grief and mourning is part of our existence as human beings.  We mourn the loss of many things, loved ones, pets, jobs, the fact that our favorite sports team did not win the championship, we mourn all of these things but Scripture gives us hope that our mourning is not is vain.

Spiritually speaking there are various types of mourning.  We mourn over the sufferings of this life.  As I mentioned already, this would include mourning the loss of something or someone.  I know it might sound trite but any sort of loss will being grief into our lives.  It might not last long but the process of grief is important and we must allow ourselves time to grieve.

As a spiritual father I come into contact with people who have not allowed themselves to grieve or to point a finer point on it, to allow themselves to finish the grieving process.  In her 1969 book, Death and Dying, Psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross introduced the world to the 5 stages of grief; denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.  There is a pattern to our grief and we must be allowed to move through all of the stages.  If we linger too long in one stage, especially the depression stage, it can become clinical.

I will say this as a spiritual father as well, not all things can be cured with prayer.  Prayer is an important aspect and part of our recovery but sometimes more help is needed.  I am a firm believer in the power of prayer, but I am also a believer in the fact that God gave human beings certain talents to help others and we need to seek out that help.

But we also mourn of the sufferings of others.  Who among us is not touched by television images of the people suffering in Syria, Egypt, and now Ukraine?  Or people in Africa or any place where human suffering takes place.  We would not be human if it did not touch us on a very human level.  We mourn the loss of innocence of others and of ourselves.

Many are also concerned about the state of the world we live in, and I am not speaking just about the political sense of things either.  Our world has changed, well the world is always changing, and sometimes not always for the best.  The morals today are much different than they were a generation ago, people are concerned about different things in their lives, and many of them are just trying to survive.  I see this as a pattern and each subsequent generation has mourned the loss, or change if you will, in the morality of the next generation.  Rock and Roll was going to be the ruination of the world but somehow we are still here.

But what we are called to, and what most of us will not do, is mourn for our own sins.  Of course we have to recognize that we are in fact sinners and that is something that the world does not want us to do.  It is fashionable these days in some Christian Churches to ignore sin, sin is only sin if someone else is harmed by it.  That is just plain rubbish.  Sin is multidimensional there is the sin that separates us from God and the sin that separates us from the community because of our separation from God.  So in essence every sin is a sin against the community and therefore, using the logic of modern Christianity, harms another person.

The other is harmed because of the separation from the community.  When an Orthodox Christian comes to confession, they are not confessing their sins to the priest, in fact in the confession service itself we say that, they confess to God.  When I pronounce the absolution on the person it is not me who forgives, how can I a sinner forgive someone their sins?  God forgives and the priest is there to reconcile the sinner with the community.  The priest who is called from the community, stands as the representative of the community and brings the person back into communion with the community.  The priest acts on behalf of those who the penitent has been estranged from, and brings them home.  So when someone asks why we confess to a priest, my response is we don’t, we confess to God.

Because of the ancestral sin we have been cut off from paradise and because of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the Cross the way has been opened for us again.  We mourn what we have lost but we have the assurance that we will be comforted as the second half of the verse from the 5th chapter of Matthew reminds all of us, for they shall be comforted.

As Christians we have hope, hope in the risen savior that this is not just folly that there is something on the “other side” of all of this and that is love of God.

Monuments Men ~ A Review

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I have never really been a fan of artwork mostly, I think, because I do not understand it.  I can appreciate the work and I find it fascinating that God has given people gifts such as painting and sculpting but it just is not for me.  I do appreciate art from an historical perspective and believe that we need to preserve as much of this as possible and that it should be available to people so I was looking forward to going to see the Monuments Men and I was finally able to get to see it this past weekend.

Set at the tail end of World War II to movie tells the story of a small groups of men, mostly Americans but one Brit and one from France, whose task it is to locate and preserve works of art that had been stolen by the Nazis as they ransacked Europe.  Hitler had a plan for a vast museum that would showcase the war booty and it was up this small group of professionals to get the art back.

These men were not soldiers they were artists and others engaged in like professions such as architects.  They were given basic army training and sent off to Europe to begin their mission.  Not really sure where to start on of the men James Granger, played by Matt Damon, was sent to France to meet with the curator of one of the largest museums in Paris.  As it turned out Claire Simone, played by Cate Blanchett, kept excellent records of all of the art work that passed through the museum and where it was sent.  This gave them enough information to begin their search.

These masterpieces of art were being stored in mines all around France and Germany and as it was found it was cataloged, and if the previous owner was known or could be determined, it was returned.  As it turned out most of the art was owned by Jews who had met their fate in the death camps and it would be next to impossible to return.

One of the most poignant moments of the movie for me was when the men opened a contained in one of the mines and it was filled with gold nuggets.  At first they were puzzled by this, then came the realization that these nuggets came from teeth.  This brought the viewer back to the absolute brutality of the Nazi plan to exterminate the entire race of Jews and others during the war.

The movie is peppered with times of seriousness as well as comedy from comedic masters Bill Murray and John Goodman and along with Damon and Blanchett, George Clooney rounds out the cast as Frank Stokes the leader of this group.

As someone who studies history the men who risked their lives to preserve these works of art was invaluable and we all owe them a debit of gratitude.

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